https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com Practical AI, Swift, SwiftUI, and system design notes by Ghulam Mohiuddin, an AI Engineer and Senior iOS Developer building intelligent systems and production mobile apps. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-arc-memory-management Swift uses Automatic Reference Counting, usually called ARC, to manage memory for class instances. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-arc-memory-management Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-closures A closure is a block of code that can be stored or passed around. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-closures Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-concurrency-actors-sendable A data race can happen when multiple tasks read and write the same mutable data at the same time. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-concurrency-actors-sendable Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-enums-associated-values An enum represents a value from a fixed group of choices. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-enums-associated-values Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-error-handling-result Some functions can fail. Swift makes failure visible with throwing functions. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-error-handling-result Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-generics-deep-dive Generics let code work with many types without losing type safety. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-generics-deep-dive Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-opaque-and-existential-types Protocols can be used in two important ways: opaque types and existential types. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-opaque-and-existential-types Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-protocol-extensions An extension adds functionality to an existing type. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-protocol-extensions Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swiftui-animations SwiftUI animations usually start with state. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swiftui-animations Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swiftui-basics-binding A binding creates a two-way connection to data owned somewhere else. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swiftui-basics-binding Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swiftui-basics-navigation NavigationStack manages a stack of screens. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swiftui-basics-navigation Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swiftui-environment The environment is a way to pass values down a view tree. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swiftui-environment Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swiftui-forms-and-user-input Form is useful for settings and data entry screens. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swiftui-forms-and-user-input Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swiftui-layout-spacing-and-padding Spacing is the gap between views inside a stack. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swiftui-layout-spacing-and-padding Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swiftui-layout-stacks-and-spacing Stacks are the most common layout containers in SwiftUI. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swiftui-layout-stacks-and-spacing Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swiftui-lazy-stacks-and-performance Normal stacks create their children immediately. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swiftui-lazy-stacks-and-performance Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swiftui-lists-and-navigation List displays rows of data. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swiftui-lists-and-navigation Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swiftui-observation-observable Local @State is good for small view-owned values. Apps also need model objects. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swiftui-observation-observable Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swiftui-state-and-binding @State stores simple data owned by a view. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swiftui-state-and-binding Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swiftui-task-and-async-loading SwiftUI can start async work when a view appears using .task. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swiftui-task-and-async-loading Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swiftui-textfield-user-input TextField lets the user type text. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swiftui-textfield-user-input Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/system-design-background-jobs A background job is work that runs outside the main user request. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/system-design-background-jobs Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/system-design-caching-basics Caching means storing a copy of data in a faster place. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/system-design-caching-basics Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/system-design-queues-and-background-jobs A queue stores work that should be processed later. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/system-design-queues-and-background-jobs Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-arrays-copy-on-write An array stores ordered values of the same type. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-arrays-copy-on-write Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-basics-classes A class creates objects with identity. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-basics-classes Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-basics-protocols A protocol describes what a type must provide. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-basics-protocols Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-concurrency-basic-async-await Some work takes time: network requests, file loading, database calls, and image processing. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-concurrency-basic-async-await Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-dictionaries-and-sets A dictionary stores values by key. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-dictionaries-and-sets Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swiftui-basics-views A SwiftUI view describes what should appear on screen. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swiftui-basics-views Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/system-design-databases-and-indexes A database stores the data a system needs. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/system-design-databases-and-indexes Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/system-design-indexes An index helps a database find data faster. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/system-design-indexes Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-basics-control-flow Control flow decides which code runs. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-basics-control-flow Wed, 20 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-functions-and-control-flow A function is a named block of code. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-functions-and-control-flow Wed, 20 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-strings-and-unicode A String stores text. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-strings-and-unicode Wed, 20 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-structs-classes-and-protocols A struct groups related data and behavior. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-structs-classes-and-protocols Wed, 20 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/system-design-apis-and-services An API is how one part of a system talks to another part. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/system-design-apis-and-services Wed, 20 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/system-design-services A service is a part of a system responsible for a specific job. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/system-design-services Wed, 20 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-basics-data-types A type tells Swift what kind of value is being used. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-basics-data-types Tue, 19 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-basics-optionals An optional is a value that may exist or may be missing. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-basics-optionals Tue, 19 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-basics-variables-and-types Swift stores values using constants and variables. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/swift-basics-variables-and-types Tue, 19 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/system-design-starting-from-requirements Requirements explain what a system must do. https://blog.ghulammohiuddin.com/post/system-design-starting-from-requirements Tue, 19 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT